New anthropometry-based age- and sex-specific reference values for urinary 24-hour creatinine excretion based on the adult Swiss population - Forni Ogna, V.; Ogna, A.; Vuistiner, P.; Pruijm, M.; Ponte, B.; Ackermann, D.; Gabutti, L.; Vakilzadeh, N.; Mohaupt, M.; Martin, P. Y.; Guessous, I.; Pechere-Bertschi, A.; et al. (BMC Med, 2015)
BACKGROUND: Urinary creatinine excretion is used as a marker of completeness of timed urine collections, which are a keystone of several metabolic evaluations in clinical investigations and epidemiological surveys. METHODS: We used data from two independent Swiss cross-sectional population-based studies with standardised 24-hour urinary collection and measured anthropometric variables. Only data from adults of European descent, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >/=60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and reported completeness of the urinary collection were retained. A linear regression model was developed to predict centiles of the 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion in 1,137 participants from the Swiss Survey on Salt and validated in 994 participants from the Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension. RESULTS: The mean urinary creatinine excretion was 193 +/- 41 mumol/kg/24 hours in men and 151 +/- 38 mumol/kg/24 hours in women in the Swiss Survey on Salt. The values were inversely correlated with age and body mass index (BMI). CONCLUSIONS: We propose a validated prediction equation for 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion in the general European population, based on readily available variables such as age, sex and BMI, and a few derived normograms to ease its clinical application. This should help healthcare providers to interpret the completeness of a 24-hour urine collection in daily clinical practice and in epidemiological population studies.
Keywords: journalArticle; Adult; Aged; Anthropometry; Biomarkers/*urine; Body Mass Index; Creatinine/*urine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Reference Values; Switzerland; Urinalysis/*standards